During the Warring States period, great philosophers were employed as advisers by the state rulers.
Born in 551 BC, Confucius' real name was Kong zi. While employed by the Duke of Lu, Confucius came to believe that life at court was too corrupt and wrapped up in plots and self-interest. He gave up his official position to develop and write his philosophy of morality.
His ideals were not concerned with religion but with practical ethics in everyday life, and how to behave properly within one's family and as a member of society. Regard for tradition and respect for ancestors and authority were its cornerstones.
Society's well-being, he said, depended on mutual respect and obligation between all social levels: between ruler and subject, father and son, or master and servant. He also emphasized the practical advantages of courtesy and personal effort.
